Truck mounted cranes are classified by the structure of the boom, the mounting system, and the power source. Understanding the categories helps you compare machines on a level playing field and match the crane to the work.
Main Ways to Classify Truck Mounted Cranes
The most common classification is by boom type: telescopic or knuckle boom. Within each category there are jib extensions, tower options, and different mounting styles such as rear mount, bed mount, and hitch mount.
Telescopic Boom Truck Mounted Cranes
A telescopic crane has a straight boom that extends in sections. It provides long reach and a simple lifting path, making it useful for placing loads at height or at a distance from the truck. See the ultimate truck mounted crane guide for an overview of the whole equipment category.
Knuckle Boom Truck Mounted Cranes
A knuckle boom crane folds in the middle like a finger. The articulated arm can reach over obstacles, work in tight spaces, and fold into a compact position for travel. Our knuckle boom crane guide covers its structure and applications in detail.
Jib and Tower Configurations
Some cranes add a jib extension to increase reach, while tower configurations lift the load higher. These options add flexibility but also add weight, cost, and setup time. Confirm that the extra reach is needed before choosing them.
Hitch Mounted and Pickup Cranes
Hitch mounted cranes install into the receiver of a pickup truck and are designed for light loads. They are inexpensive and easy to remove, which suits small workshops and maintenance crews. Read the hitch crane guide for details.
Electric Truck Mounted Cranes
Electric cranes use battery power or a mains connection instead of a diesel engine. They are quieter and cleaner, and they are becoming more common in urban and indoor work. The electric crane guide explains the trade-offs.
Telescopic vs Knuckle Boom: Comparison
The choice between a telescopic boom and a knuckle boom is usually about reach versus flexibility.
| Feature | Telescopic Boom | Knuckle Boom |
|---|---|---|
| Boom structure | Straight, extending sections | Articulated, folding sections |
| Reach | Typically longer horizontal reach | Reach depends on folding geometry |
| Compactness | Longer when stored | Folds compactly for travel |
| Tight spaces | Needs open positioning | Can reach over and around obstacles |
| Typical work | Construction, steel, concrete placement | Loading, pipe handling, utilities, marine |
| Price level | Often higher for long reach | Competitive across most capacity classes |
How to Choose the Right Type
Choose the type based on the loads, the site, and the truck. If most lifts are straight up and out in open areas, a telescopic boom may be simpler. If the crane must work in narrow streets, under obstacles, or in loading bays, a knuckle boom is often the better fit.
Also compare capacity at the working radius you actually need. Two cranes with the same maximum capacity can have very different load charts at full extension. Request the load chart before comparing prices.
Conclusion
There is no universal best type of truck mounted crane. Match the boom structure, mounting, and power source to your heaviest regular load and your most common job sites. Use our safety guide before operation and our price guide when comparing budgets.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main types of truck mounted cranes?
The main types are telescopic boom, knuckle boom, jib and tower configurations, hitch mounted and pickup cranes, and electric models. They differ in reach, flexibility, capacity, and cost.
Which is better: telescopic or knuckle boom?
Telescopic booms are usually better for long straight reach; knuckle booms are better for compactness and working in tight or obstructed spaces. The best choice depends on the job site.
What is a knuckle boom crane used for?
Knuckle boom cranes are used for loading and unloading, pipe handling, utility work, and material handling in confined spaces because the articulated arm can fold and reach around obstacles.
Can a small truck use a truck mounted crane?
Yes, but the truck chassis, gross vehicle weight rating, and mounting points must be suitable for the crane and the loads. Hitch mounted units are the lightest option for pickup trucks.
Are electric truck mounted cranes as strong as hydraulic cranes?
Electric models are growing in capacity, but heavy lifting still favors hydraulic systems. For light and medium indoor work, electric cranes can be more practical and cheaper to run.
